SKRIPSI DIGITAL
Study of Market Openness and Its Impact on The National Export Rate through Physical Infrastructure, R&D Transfers, and Government Support as Antecedent Variables = Study of Market Openness and Its Impact on The National Export Rate through Physical Infrastructure, R&D Transfers, and Government Support as Antecedent Variables
Endogenous growth is a theory used in research on national economic development
in various studies related to R&D Transfer. R&D Transfer gives birth to an understanding of the importance of the role of the latest applied research in developing entrepreneurs to compete in the global market. The global market that continues to be dynamic allows the emergence of various access restrictions that make it difficult for entrepreneurs, so the existence of market openness is needed as an entry point for entrepreneurs into the global market. The success of entrepreneurs in the global market competition is marked by increasing the level of national exports. This study aims to solve the gap of a significant decrease in world export levels in 2020 by 2.1%. This problem is considered crucial because this decline is the worst in the last decade. The data in this study was taken through secondary data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and the World Bank by taking a sample of 139 data from various countries on five continents in
the 2019-2021 data period. The data are processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis instruments. This study empirically requires that the existence of R&D Transfer can encourage market openness to increase the export rate with a direct effect of 0.577. Thus, R&D Transfer has proven to be able to create new applied research and technology that encourages the creation of market openness for entrepreneurs so that they can compete in the global market and lead to an increase in the National Export Rate. Therefore, the practical implications of this study show that countries need to encourage the existence of R&D Transfer through the fulfillment of Physical Infrastructure and Government Support to increase market opening for increased exports. This study also gives suggestions the mix method research-data based on the GEM survey for building a model based on internal and external factors in entrepreneurial research for the nation's economic growth.
Keywords: Physical Infrastructure, Government Support, R&D Transfer; Market
Openness; National Export Rate
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